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1.
Clinics ; 78: 100260, 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1506038

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective To evaluate the efficacy of immunotherapy for GTN treatment after methotrexate-resistance or in cases of multiresistant disease, through a systematic review, as well as to present the first 4 Brazilian cases of immunotherapy for GTN treatment. Methods Three independent researchers searched five electronic databases (EMBASE, LILACS, Medline, CENTRAL and Web of Science), for relevant articles up to February/2023 (PROSPERO CRD42023401453). The quality assessment was performed using the Newcastle Ottawa scale for case series and case reports. The primary outcome of this study was the occurrence of complete remission. The presentation of the case reports was approved by the Institutional Review Board. Results Of the 4 cases presented, the first was a low-risk GTN with methotrexate resistance unsuccessfully treated with avelumab, which achieved remission with sequential multiagent chemotherapy. The remaining 3 cases were high-risk multiagent-resistant GTN that were successfully treated with pembrolizumab, among which there were two subsequent gestations, one of them with normal pregnancy and healthy conceptus. Regarding the systematic review, 12 studies were included, only one of them on avelumab, showing a 46.7% complete remission rate. The remaining 11 studies were on pembrolizumab, showing an 86.7% complete remission rate, regardless of tumor histology. Both immunotherapies showed good tolerability, with two healthy pregnancies being recorded: one after avelumb and another after pembrolizumab. Conclusion Immunotherapy showed effectiveness for GTN treatment and may be especially useful in cases of high-risk disease, where pembrolizumab achieves a high therapeutic response, regardless of the histological type, and despite prior chemoresistance to multiple lines of treatment.

2.
Femina ; 49(3): 173-176, 2021. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1224083

ABSTRACT

A epilepsia, doença cerebral caracterizada pela predisposição à geração de crises epilépticas, representa a patologia neurológica grave mais frequente na gravidez. Quando não acompanhada corretamente, possui um acentuado nível de morbimortalidade materno-fetal, sendo especialmente relacionada a riscos de convulsão materna na gestação e malformações fetais. Este artigo discute o acompanhamento da gestante epiléptica, trazendo recomendações de cuidados no período pré-concepcional, manejo durante o pré-natal, condução do trabalho de parto, peculiaridades no puerpério e tratamento de crises convulsivas, quando necessário. Serão abordados tanto aspectos de tratamento farmacológico quanto de monitoramento e orientações gerais, com o objetivo de contribuir para um suporte mais abrangente e adequado a esse grupo mais vulnerável de pacientes sob o cuidado do médico ginecologista-obstetra e neurologista.(AU)


Epilepsy, which is a brain disease defined for a greater predisposition for epileptic crisis, represents the most frequent neurological pathology during pregnancy. Without proper monitoring it is related to high morbidity and mortality to both mother and baby, especially due to the risks of mother seizure during pregnancy and fetus malformation. This article discusses about health care giving and follow-up for the epileptic pregnant women, pointing recommendations for preconception care, prenatal management, labor conduct, peculiarities in puerperium and treatment of convulsive crisis when needed. There will be approached pharmacological and non-pharmacological aspects, such as follow up exams and general orientations, having as a goal to contribute to an more abrangent and proper support of this more vulnerable group of patients under the care responsibility of obstetrician-gynecologist ad neurologist doctors.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications/drug therapy , Epilepsy/complications , Epilepsy/prevention & control , Epilepsy/drug therapy , Prenatal Care/methods , Seizures/drug therapy , Carbamazepine/administration & dosage , Pregnancy, High-Risk , Postpartum Period/drug effects , Time-to-Pregnancy/drug effects , Lamotrigine/administration & dosage , Levetiracetam/administration & dosage , Obstetric Labor Complications/prevention & control , Anticonvulsants/administration & dosage
5.
Femina ; 47(4): 212-220, 31 ago. 2019. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1050125

ABSTRACT

Relatos da operação cesariana permeiam a saga da humanidade e ilustram a historia da Medicina. Figura em diversas civilizações primevas, feita entre babilônicos, romanos e hindus. Chegou até nós alternado uma historia trágica de morte, até sua banalização nos dias atuais, sempre cercada por polêmicas apaixonadas, essa cirurgia figura entre as mais realizadas em todo o mundo...(AU)


Reports of cesarean section permeate the saga of humanity and illustrate the history of Medicine. It figured in several ancient civilizations, reported between Babylonians, Romans and Hindus. It has come to us altenadoting a tragic death story, until its banalization in the present day, always surround by passionate polemics, this surgery is one of the most performed in the world...(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , History, Ancient , History, Medieval , History, 15th Century , History, 16th Century , History, 17th Century , History, 18th Century , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , Cesarean Section/history
6.
Online braz. j. nurs. (Online) ; 17(2)jun. 2018. ilus
Article in English, Spanish, Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1118047

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: construir um protocolo de agendamento e o fluxo assistencial de programação de cirurgias eletivas para o Centro Obstétrico de uma maternidade. MÉTODO: pesquisa metodológica, descritiva, qualitativa, do tipo estudo de caso, operacionalizada em 2015 em uma maternidade do município do Rio de Janeiro. Empregou-se o Planejamento Estratégico Situacional proposto por Carlos Matus, a partir dos momentos explicativo, normativo, estratégico e tático-operacional. RESULTADOS: no momento explicativo procedeu-se com o diagnóstico da realidade de agendamentos do setor cirúrgico; no normativo foram propostas as estratégias de solução para o enfrentamento do problema; no estratégico construiu-se a viabilidade das estratégias de solução a partir de planos de ação; no tático-operacional foram operacionalizadas as ações: construção do protocolo e de um fluxograma de agendamento cirúrgico. CONCLUSÃO: acredita-se que esses instrumentos, que ainda precisam ser testados e validados no cenário do estudo, auxiliarão a gestão dos processos assistenciais do setor.


AIM: to construct a scheduling protocol and the assistance flow of elective surgeries to the Obstetric Center of a maternity ward. METHOD: this is a methodological, descriptive, qualitative research, of the case study type, operationalized in 2015 in a maternity hospital in the city of Rio de Janeiro. The Situational Strategic Planning proposed by Carlos Matus was used, starting from the explanatory, normative, strategic and tactical-operational moments. RESULTS: in the explanatory moment the diagnosis of the reality of scheduling of the surgical sector was performed; in the normative moment the strategies of solution to the confrontation of the problem were proposed; in the strategic moment the viability of the strategies of solution was constructed from action plans; in the tactical-operational moment the following actions were operationalized: construction of the protocol and a flow chart of surgical scheduling. CONCLUSION: it is believed that these instruments, which still need to be tested and validated in the study scenario, will help manage the healthcare processes of the sector.


OBJETIVO: construir un protocolo de programación y el flujo asistencial de programación de cirugías electivas para el Centro Obstétrico de una maternidad. MÉTODO: investigación metodológica, descriptiva, cualitativa, tipo estudio de caso, realizada en el 2015 en una maternidad del municipio de Rio de Janeiro. Se utilizó el Planeamiento Estratégico Situacional propuesto por Carlos Matus, a partir de los momentos explicativo, normativo, estratégico y táctico-operativo. RESULTADOS: en el momento explicativo se procedió con el diagnóstico de la realidad de la programación del sector quirúrgico; en el normativo se propusieron las estrategias de solución para enfrentar el problema; en el estratégico se construyó la viabilidad de las estrategias de solución a partir de planes de acción; en el táctico-operativo se realizaron las acciones: construcción del protocolo y de un diagrama de flujo de la programación quirúrgica. CONCLUSIÓN: se cree que esos instrumentos, que todavía necesitan probarse y validarse en el escenario del estudio, auxiliarán la gestión de los procesos asistenciales del sector.


Subject(s)
Humans , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Appointments and Schedules , Elective Surgical Procedures , Delivery Rooms , Strategic Planning , Clinical Governance
7.
Femina ; 46(1): 38-41, 29/02/2018.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1050095

ABSTRACT

As epilepsias constituem uma das mais frequentes condições neurológicas encontradas na gravidez, ocorrendo entre 0,5% e 1% das gestações. O risco de morte materna está aumentado em 10 vezes nas grávidas epilépticas. Na gestante, o diagnóstico adequado é fundamental, já que deve ser afastada a possibilidade de se tratar de crise de eclâmpsia, doença exclusiva do período gravídico-puerperal. A preocupação materna quanto aos efeitos adversos (malformações) das drogas antiepilépticas no bebê pode levar à descontinuação ou redução da dose do medicamento, aumentando o risco de convulsão ou de morte súbita e inesperada na epilepsia (SUDEP). Nesta revisão foi dada atenção única e exclusiva às recomendações do Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists.(AU)


Epilepsiy is one of the most frequent neurological conditions found in pregnancy, occurring in 0.5 to 1% of pregnancies. The maternal death risk is increased 10-fold in epileptic pregnancies. In pregnant women, its adequate diagnosis is essential, since eclampsia is a differential diagnosis, which is disease exclusive to the pregnancy-puerperal period. Maternal concerns about the adverse effects (malformations) of antiepileptic drugs in the infant may lead to the discontinuation or reduction of the drug dose, increasing the risk of seizure or sudden and unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). In this review exclusive attention was given to the recommendations of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications/prevention & control , Pregnancy, High-Risk , Pregnant Women , Epilepsy , Prenatal Care , Seizures , Congenital Abnormalities/prevention & control , Risk Factors , Eclampsia/prevention & control , Maternal Death/prevention & control , Contraceptive Agents, Hormonal , Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy/prevention & control , Drug Tapering , Anticonvulsants/adverse effects
8.
Femina ; 46(3): 190-196, 2018. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1050120

ABSTRACT

A trombocitopenia na mulher grávida é diagnosticada frequentemente pelos obstetras porque a contagem de plaquetas está incluída nos exames de rotina no pré-natal. A trombocitopenia, definida como a contagem de plaquetas inferior a 150.000/mm3, é comum e ocorre em 7-12% das gestações. Algumas causas de trombocitopenia são graves desordens médicas com potencial para morbidade materna e fetal. Ao revés, outras condições, tais como trombocitopenia gestacional, são benignas e não acarretam riscos maternos ou fetais.(AU)


Thrombocytopenia in pregnant women is often diagnosed by obstetricians because platelet count is included in prenatal routine exams. Thrombocytopenia is defined as platelet count below 150,000 / mm3 is common and occurs in 7-12% of pregnancies. Some causes of thrombocytopenia are serious medical disorders with potential for maternal and fetal morbidity. Conversely, other conditions, such as gestational thrombocytopenia, are benign and do not cause maternal or fetal risks.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications , Thrombocytopenia , Thrombocytopenia, Neonatal Alloimmune , Platelet Count , Prenatal Care , Risk , Morbidity
9.
Femina ; 45(4): 244-248, dez. 2017. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1050729

ABSTRACT

A obstrução do trato urinário baixo fetal (fetal lower urinary tract obstruction - LUTO) é uma patologia caracterizada por dilatação da bexiga e hidronefrose bilateral causada por obstrução do trato urinário inferior. Sua incidência é de 2,2 em cada 10.000 nascimentos. A etiologia da LUTO inclui a válvula da uretra posterior (VUP), atresia ou estenose uretral. O diagnóstico é feito por ultrassom, que mostra bexiga dilatada, com paredes espessas (megabexiga), e uretra posterior aumentada. O tratamento cirúrgico clássico (derivação vésico-amniótica guiada por ultrassom) estaria indicado quando o líquido amniótico normal começa a diminuir, com aumento da distensão vesical e da hidronefrose. O tratamento inclui a colocação de derivação vésico-amniótica guiado pelo ultrassom e fetoscópica com coagulação a laser. De acordo com a gravidade, a LUTO é classificada nos estágios 1,2 e 3.(AU)


The Fetal Lower Urinary Tract Obstruction (LUTO) is a spectrum of diseases characterized by bladder distension and bilateral hydronephrosis in consequence of the LUTO. The incidence is approximately 2.2 in 10,000 births and it is commonly diagnosed during the late first or early second trimester of pregnancy. The etiologies of LUTO include posterior urethral valves, urethral atresia and urethral stenosis. Complete bladder outlet obstruction (severe LUTO) is associated with high perinatal mortality due to pulmonary hypoplasia and severe renal impairment/damage. The prenatal intervention includes vesicoamniotic shunt placement guided by ultrasound and fetoscopic laser coagulation. It is suggested that LUTO patients could be categorized in three stages according to disease gravity: Stages 1, 2 and 3.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Pregnancy , Prenatal Diagnosis , Urethral Obstruction/surgery , Urethral Obstruction/diagnostic imaging , Urologic Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Fetal Diseases/physiopathology , Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction , Laser Coagulation , Dilatation, Pathologic , Perinatal Mortality , Fetal Distress , Amniotic Fluid , Hydronephrosis
10.
Femina ; 45(2): 119-126, jun. 2017.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1050712

ABSTRACT

Apoptose, ou morte celular programada, é um mecanismo fisiológico universal entre mamíferos que regula o equilíbrio entre proliferação e morte celular a fim de manter a homeostase tecidual. Nesse processo, a apoptose poderá ser iniciada intrinsicamente por via mitocondrial ou, extrinsecamente, mediada por sinalização via receptor de morte ou em resposta a elementos exógenos como citocinas e processos não excludentes, complementares e com ativação cruzada. As moléculas envolvidas no controle das vias de ativação da apoptose são as proteínas anti, pró-apoptóticas e caspases. Esse fenômeno biológico, além de desempenhar um papel importante no controle de diversos processos vitais, está associado a inúmeras complicações da gravidez como toxemia, crescimento intrauterino restrito, parto pré-termo, diabetes gestacional, abortamento, gravidez ectópica e a transformação maligna da mola hidatiforme. No denominador comum dessas doenças está o desconhecimento de sua etiopatogenia e o desenvolvimento/funcionamento placentário anormal. Compreender todas essas alterações deverá interessar não apenas ao pesquisador dessas moléstias, mas também aos clínicos que tratam essas doenças no intuito de se incorporar novas tecnologias na rotina médica e na melhoria das perspectivas prognósticas e terapêuticas dentro da obstetrícia.(AU)


Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is a universal physiological mechanism in mammals, which regulates the balance between cell proliferation and death in order to maintain tissue homeostasis. In this process, apoptosis can be initiated intrinsically or extrinsically by mitochondrial pathway, mediated by death receptor signaling or in response to exogenous factors such as cytokines and processes not mutually exclusive, complementary and cross-activation. The molecules involved in the control of apoptosis activation pathways are anti and pro-apoptotic proteins as well as caspases. This biological phenomenon, besides play an important role in the control of many vital processes, is associated with many complications of pregnancy such as toxemia, intrauterine growth, preterm birth, gestational diabetes, miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy and malignant in transformation hydatiform mole. The common denominator of these diseases is the lack of knowledge about its pathogenesis and development/abnormal placental function. Understand all these changes should interest not only to the researchers, but also for clinicians who treat these diseases in order to incorporate new technologies in the medical routine and in improving prognostic and therapeutic perspectives in obstetrics.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Pregnancy/physiology , Apoptosis , Arterioles , Pre-Eclampsia , Pregnancy Complications , Pregnancy, Ectopic , Trophoblasts/physiology , Abortion, Spontaneous , Diabetes, Gestational , Gestational Trophoblastic Disease , Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins , Fetal Growth Retardation , Immune Tolerance , Obstetric Labor, Premature
11.
Clinics ; 72(5): 284-288, May 2017. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-840073

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Doppler ultrasonography can be used to assess neoangiogenesis, a characteristic feature of postmolar gestational trophoblastic neoplasia. However, there is limited information on whether uterine artery Doppler flow velocimetry parameters can predict gestational trophoblastic neoplasia following a complete hydatidiform mole. The purpose of this study was as follows: 1) to compare uterine blood flow before and after complete mole evacuation between women who developed postmolar gestational trophoblastic neoplasia and those who achieved spontaneous remission, 2) to assess the usefulness of uterine Doppler parameters as predictors of postmolar gestational trophoblastic neoplasia and to determine the best parameters and cutoff values for predicting postmolar gestational trophoblastic neoplasia. METHODS: This prospective cohort study included 246 patients with a complete mole who were treated at three different trophoblastic diseases centers between 2013 and 2014. The pulsatility index, resistivity index, and systolic/diastolic ratio were measured by Doppler flow velocimetry before and 4-6 weeks after molar evacuation. Statistical analysis was performed using Wilcoxon’s test, logistic regression, and ROC analysis. RESULTS: No differences in pre- and post-evacuation Doppler measurements were observed in patients who developed postmolar gestational trophoblastic neoplasia. In those with spontaneous remission, the pulsatility index and systolic/diastolic ratio were increased after evacuation. The pre- and post-evacuation pulsatility indices were significantly lower in patients with gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (odds ratio of 13.9-30.5). A pre-evacuation pulsatility index ≤1.38 (77% sensitivity and 82% specificity) and post-evacuation pulsatility index ≤1.77 (79% sensitivity and 86% specificity) were significantly predictive of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia. CONCLUSIONS: Uterine Doppler flow velocimetry measurements, particularly pre- and post-molar evacuation pulsatility indices, can be useful for predicting postmolar gestational trophoblastic neoplasia.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Gestational Trophoblastic Disease/diagnostic imaging , Gestational Trophoblastic Disease/physiopathology , Hydatidiform Mole/surgery , Ultrasonography, Doppler/methods , Uterine Artery/diagnostic imaging , Uterine Artery/physiopathology , Uterine Neoplasms/surgery , Blood Flow Velocity/physiology , Chorionic Gonadotropin/blood , Gestational Age , Gestational Trophoblastic Disease/blood supply , Hydatidiform Mole/complications , Hydatidiform Mole/physiopathology , Logistic Models , Predictive Value of Tests , Prospective Studies , Reference Values , Reproducibility of Results , Risk Factors , Time Factors , Uterine Neoplasms/complications , Uterine Neoplasms/physiopathology , Uterus/blood supply , Uterus/physiopathology
12.
Rev. Col. Bras. Cir ; 44(1): 94-101, Jan.-Feb. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-842646

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT The Gestational Trophoblastic Disease includes an interrelated group of diseases originating from placental tissue, with distinct behaviors concerning local invasion and metastasis. The high sensitivity of the serial dosages of human chorionic gonadotrophin, combined with advances in chemotherapy treatment, have made gestational trophoblastic neoplasia curable, most often through chemotherapy. However, surgery remains of major importance in the management of patients with gestational trophoblastic disease, improving their prognosis. Surgery is necessary in the control of the disease's complications, such as hemorrhage, and in cases of resistant/relapsed neoplasia. This review discusses the indications and the role of surgical interventions in the management of women with molar pregnancy and gestational trophoblastic neoplasia.


RESUMO Doença trofoblástica gestacional inclui um grupo interrelacionado de doenças originadas do tecido placentário, com tendências distintas de invasão local e metástase. A alta sensibilidade das dosagens seriadas de gonadotrofina coriônica humana aliada aos avanços do tratamento quimioterápico tornou a neoplasia trofoblástica gestacional, curável, na maioria das vezes, através da quimioterapia. No entanto, a cirurgia permanece ainda, da maior importância na condução de pacientes com doença trofoblástica gestacional, melhorando seu prognóstico. A cirurgia é necessária no controle de complicações da doença, tais como hemorragia, e em casos de neoplasia resistente/recidivada. Esta revisão discute as indicações e o papel das intervenções cirúrgicas durante o manejo de mulheres com gravidez molar e neoplasia trofoblástica gestacional.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Gestational Trophoblastic Disease/surgery , Gynecologic Surgical Procedures/methods , Obstetric Surgical Procedures/methods
13.
Radiol. bras ; 49(4): 241-250, July-Aug. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-794780

ABSTRACT

Abstract Gestational trophoblastic disease is an abnormality of pregnancy that encompasses a group of diseases that differ from each other in their propensity for regression, invasion, metastasis, and recurrence. In the past, it was common for patients with molar pregnancy to present with marked symptoms: copious bleeding; theca lutein cysts; uterus larger than appropriate for gestational age; early preeclampsia; hyperemesis gravidarum; and hyperthyroidism. Currently, with early diagnosis made by ultrasound, most patients are diagnosed while the disease is still in the asymptomatic phase. In cases of progression to trophoblastic neoplasia, staging-typically with Doppler flow studies of the pelvis and chest X-ray, although occasionally with computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging-is critical to the choice of an appropriate antineoplastic therapy regimen. Because it is an unusual and serious disease that affects women of reproductive age, as well as because its appropriate treatment results in high cure rates, it is crucial that radiologists be familiar with gestational trophoblastic disease, in order to facilitate its early diagnosis and to ensure appropriate follow-up imaging.


Resumo Doença trofoblástica gestacional é anomalia da gravidez que engloba um grupo de doenças derivadas do trofoblasto, diferentes entre si na propensão para regressão, invasão, metástase e recidiva. No passado, era comum a paciente portadora de gravidez molar apresentar sintomas exuberantes: hemorragia copiosa, cistos tecaluteínicos, útero aumentado para a idade gestacional, pré-eclâmpsia precoce, hiperêmese e hipertireoidismo. Atualmente, com o diagnóstico precoce feito pela ultrassonografia, a maioria das pacientes é diagnosticada ainda na fase assintomática. Nos casos em que há progressão para neoplasia trofoblástica gestacional, o estadiamento feito com a dopplerfluxometria pélvica e a radiografia de tórax, eventualmente com a tomografia computadorizada e a ressonância magnética, é fundamental na avaliação da escolha do tratamento antineoplásico. Por ser uma doença incomum e grave, que acomete mulheres no menacme, mas cujo tratamento adequado determina elevadas taxas de cura, é fundamental que os radiologistas estejam familiarizados com essa entidade clínica, a fim de auxiliar no diagnóstico precoce e promover seu correto acompanhamento imaginológico.

14.
Rev. Col. Bras. Cir ; 43(4): 301-310, July-Aug. 2016.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-794945

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Cesarean section by maternal request is the one performed on a pregnant woman without medical indication and without contraindication to vaginal delivery. There is great controversy over requested cesarean section. Potential risks include complications in subsequent pregnancies, such as uterine rupture, placenta previa and accreta. Potential benefits of requested cesareans include a lower risk of postpartum hemorrhage in the first cesarean and fewer surgical complications compared with vaginal delivery. Cesarean section by request should never be performed before 39 weeks.


RESUMO A cesariana a pedido materno é aquela realizada em uma gestante sem indicações médicas e sem contraindicação para tentativa do parto vaginal. Existe grande controvérsia sobre a realização da cesariana a pedido. Riscos potenciais da cesariana a pedido incluem complicações em gravidezes subsequentes, tais como: rotura uterina, placenta prévia e acretismo. Potenciais benefícios da cesariana a pedido englobam um menor risco de hemorragia pós-parto na primeira cesariana e menos complicações cirúrgicas quando comparada ao parto vaginal. A cesariana a pedido jamais deve ser realizada antes de 39 semanas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Placenta Previa , Cesarean Section/ethics , Patient Preference
15.
J. bras. med ; 103(2)jan - 2016.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-774681

ABSTRACT

A doença trofoblástica gestacional (DTG) é um termo aplicado a um grupo de tumores relacionados à gestação, caracterizado por entidades clínicas benignas (mola hidatiforme ? MH) e malignas (neoplasia trofoblástica gestacional ? NTG). Os principais desafios para o tratamento das pacientes com MH abrangem o diagnóstico precoce, esvaziamento uterino imediato e seguimento pós-molar regular com dosagem sérica de hCG, melhorando assim o prognóstico das pacientes, sua qualidade de vida e resultados reprodutivos. A atualização das estratégias diagnósticas e terapêuticas envolvidas no tratamento da DTG, foco deste trabalho, tem por objetivo melhorar esse cenário, contribuindo para o maior conhecimento sobre o assunto.


The gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) is a term applied to a group of pregnancy related tumors, characterized by benign clinical entities (hydatidiform mole ? HM) and malignant ones (gestational trophoblastic neoplasia ? GTN). The main challenges for treatment of patients with HM include early diagnosis, immediate uterine evacuation and systematic post-molar follow-up with seric dosage of hCG, improving the prognosis of patients, their quality of life and reproductive outcomes. The focus of the present paper is the update of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies involved in the treatment of GTD aiming to improve this scenario to enhance the knowledge on the subject.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Hydatidiform Mole/diagnosis , Hydatidiform Mole/therapy , Gestational Trophoblastic Disease/diagnosis , Gestational Trophoblastic Disease/therapy , Oxytocin/administration & dosage , Methotrexate/administration & dosage , Hysterectomy/instrumentation
16.
Femina ; 43(5): 225-234, set.-out. 2015. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-771218

ABSTRACT

A gestação é um período de significativas modificações no organismo materno, que objetivam promover a homeostase do binômio materno-fetal. Sob o ponto de vista hepático, demais das alterações conspícuas à gravidez, deve o obstetra detectar precocemente anomalias envolvendo o fígado, que complicam até 3% das gestações e são responsáveis por elevada mortalidade materna e perinatal. Por outro lado, certas doenças hepáticas têm sua história natural modificada quando ocorrem durante a gestação, demandando cuidados especiais de uma equipe multidisciplinar que envolva o obstetra e o hepatologista. Este artigo revisa as modificações fisiológicas do sistema hepático na gravidez, assim como suas alterações hepáticas mais prevalentes no Brasil. O objetivo é auxiliar e fornecer orientações ao obstetra e guiar o melhor cuidado das pacientes a fim de prevenir e reduzir as complicações hepáticas na gravidez.(AU)


Pregnancy is a period of significant changes in the mother's organism aimed at promoting the mother-fetus homeostasis. From the hepatic standpoint, the obstetrician should detect early the abnormalities attacking the liver, which complicates up to 3% of pregnancies and are responsible for high rates of maternal and perinatal mortality. On the other hand, some liver diseases have their natural evolution changed when they occur during the pregnancy, requiring special care of a multidisciplinary team involving obstetrician and hepatologist specialists. This study presents the physiological changes of the hepatic system during pregnancy, as well as the most prevalent pregnancy hepatic disorders occurring in Brazil. It aims to help the obstetrician and guide the best patient care to prevent and reduce hepatic complications in pregnancy.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications/etiology , Liver/physiopathology , Liver Diseases/complications , Liver Diseases/diagnosis , Pre-Eclampsia/etiology , Pregnancy, Abdominal/physiopathology , Cholestasis, Intrahepatic/complications , Databases, Bibliographic , HELLP Syndrome/etiology , Fatty Liver/complications , Hyperemesis Gravidarum/complications
17.
Rev. bras. ginecol. obstet ; 37(7): 339-343, 07/2015. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-753131

ABSTRACT

Neste relato, é apresentado um caso de neoplasia trofoblástica gestacional após normalização espontânea de gonadotrofina coriônica humana em paciente com mola hidatiforme parcial. Trata-se da segunda ocorrência publicada desse evento e a primeira em que há comprovação imuno-histoquímica. No bojo dessa apresentação, ademais de mostrar o tratamento para essa intercorrência da gravidez, discute-se a possibilidade de redução da duração do seguimento pós-molar, assim como estratégias para o precoce reconhecimento da neoplasia trofoblástica gestacional após a remissão espontânea da gravidez molar.


We report here a case of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia after spontaneous normalization of human chorionic gonadotropin in a patient with a partial hydatidiform mole. This is the second occurrence of this event to be reported and the first one with proven immunohistochemical evidence. Besides showing the treatment for this pregnancy complication, this case report discusses the possibility of reducing the duration of post-molar follow-up, as well as strategies for early recognition of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia after spontaneous remission of molar pregnancy.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adult , Chorionic Gonadotropin/blood , Gestational Trophoblastic Disease , Hydatidiform Mole/blood , Gestational Trophoblastic Disease/diagnosis , Gestational Trophoblastic Disease/therapy
18.
Femina ; 43(1)jan.-fev. 2015. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-754439

ABSTRACT

Mola hidatiforme parcial recorrente é evento em que há repetição da mola hidatiforme parcial. Há cerca de 100 casos relatados na literatura e dúvida se essa entidade pode evolver para neoplasia trofoblástica gestacional pós-molar. Apresenta-se relato de caso de paciente com recorrência de mola hidatiforme parcial em que houve aumento de embriopatia, bem como transformação maligna da mola parcial recorrente. Empregou-se quimioterapia com Methotrexate para induzir cura. Não obstante seja ocorrência rara, a importância deste relato encontra-se na evidência de neoplasia trofoblástica gestacional em recorrência de mola hidatiforme parcial, determinando vigilância hormonal rigorosa para detectar a malignização desses blastomas.


Recurrent partial hydatidiform mole is an event of repetitive partial hydatidiform mole. It has been reported around 100 cases in the literature and it is still unclear if this entity can evolve to postmolar gestational trophoblastic neoplasia. In this report, it is presented a case of recurrent partial hydatidiform mole with an increase in embriologic alterations, as well as malignization of recurrent partial hydatidiform mole. Chemotherapy with Methotrexate regimen was used to induce remission. Although rare, the importance of this report relies on the evidence of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia in recurrent partial hydatidiform mole, demanding straight hormonal surveillance to detect malignization of these tumors.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Gestational Trophoblastic Disease/drug therapy , Hydatidiform Mole , Uterine Neoplasms , Abortion, Induced , Fetal Diseases/drug therapy , Biomarkers/analysis , Recurrence , Trophoblastic Neoplasms
19.
Femina ; 42(6): 277-282, nov-dez. 2014. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-749148

ABSTRACT

A hidropisia fetal não imune é a presença de duas ou mais (?2) coleções de líquido no feto na ausência de aloimunização Rh. As mais comuns etiologias incluem anormalidades cardiovasculares, cromossomiais e hematológicas, seguidas por anomalias estruturais fetais, complicações da gemelaridade, infecção, e patologia placentária. A avaliação da hidropisia começa com o teste de Coombs indireto para verificar se é verdadeiramente não imune, avaliação do feto e da placenta, incluindo a ecocardiografia (arritmia), exame da artéria cerebral média para identificar a anemia, assim como o cariótipo/microarranjo cromossomial, mesmo que não seja constatada anomalia estrutural fetal. O tratamento recomendado depende da etiologia subjacente e da idade da gravidez; o parto pré-termo será proposto apenas por indicações obstétricas, incluindo a síndrome do ?espelho?. São candidatos à avaliação anteparto e ao corticoide, casos idiopáticos ou com etiologia passível de tratamento pré-natal ou pós-natal. Essas gestações devem ser interrompidas em um centro terciário com UTI neonatal capaz de tratar recém-nascidos criticamente comprometidos. A aneuploidia confere um mau prognóstico e, mesmo na sua ausência, a sobrevida neonatal é frequentemente <50%. A síndrome do ?espelho? é uma forma grave de préeclâmpsia que pode se desenvolver com a hidropisia fetal e na maioria dos casos necessita da interrupção da gravidez.(AU)


The nonimmune hydrops is the presence of two or more (?2) fluid collections in the fetus in the absence of Rh alloimmunization. The most common causes include cardiovascular, chromosomal and hematological abnormalities, followed by fetal structural abnormalities, complications of twin pregnancy, infection, and placental pathology. The evaluation of hydrops begins with the indirect Coombs test to see if it is really not immune, evaluation of the fetus and placenta, including echocardiography (arrhythmia), examination of the middle cerebral artery to identify anemia, and karyotyping/chromosomal microarray even if it is not detected fetal structural anomalies. The recommended treatment depends on the underlying etiology and gestational age; preterm birth should be proposed only for obstetric indications, including the ?mirror? syndrome. The antepartum evaluation and corticosteroids are indicated in idiopathic cases or etiology capable of prenatal or postnatal treatment. These pregnancies should be discontinued in a tertiary center with neonatal intensive care units capable of treating critically compromised newborns. The aneuploidy confers a poor prognosis and even in the absence of aneuploidy neonatal survival is often <50%. The ?mirror? syndrome is a severe form of preeclampsia that can be developed with fetal hydrops and in most cases requires the interruption of pregnancy.(AU)


Subject(s)
Female , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications/physiopathology , Hydrops Fetalis/etiology , Hydrops Fetalis/diagnostic imaging , Practice Patterns, Physicians' , Risk Factors , Abortion, Therapeutic , Aneuploidy
20.
Femina ; 42(5): 229-234, set.-out. 2014. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-743645

ABSTRACT

A gravidez molar, espectro benigno da doença trofoblástica gestacional, representa uma complicação obstétrica da primeira metade da gestação. De maneira geral, cursa com sintomatologia exuberante: hemorragia, útero aumento para a idade gestacional, cistose ovariana e pré-eclâmpsia precoce; chegando mesmo a graves situações clínicas de hipertireoidismo e insuficiência respiratória.Todavia, devido ao diagnóstico precoce da mola hidatiforme, ainda no primeiro trimestre, mercê da ultrassonografia, houve uma importante redução na ocorrência desses sintomas; contribuindo para que a condução desses casos excepcionais ficasse confinada aos Centros de Referência. É objetivo desse artigo apresentar ao obstetra brasileiro uma revisão das complicações clínicas da gravidez molar, atualizando-o no diagnóstico precoce e tratamento dessas condições clínicas que podem ser potencialmente ameaçadoras à vida da gestante e de seu concepto.(AU)


The molar pregnancy, in the benign gestational trophoblastic disease spectrum, represents an obstetric complication of first half of gestation. In general, runs with exuberant symptoms: bleeding, uterus increase for gestational age, ovarian cistose and early preeclampsia; even serious clinical situations of hyperthyroidism and respiratory failure. However, due to the early diagnosis of hydatidiform mole, still in the first trimester, through ultrasound, there was a significant reduction in the occurrence of these symptoms; contributing so that the conduct of these exceptional cases could be confined to the centers of reference. The purpose of this article is to present to the Brazilian obstetrician a review of clinical complications of molar pregnancy, updating it in the early diagnosis and treatment of clinical conditions that can be potentially threatening to the life of the pregnant woman and her fetus.(AU)


Subject(s)
Female , Pregnancy , Ovarian Cysts , Pre-Eclampsia , Uterine Hemorrhage , Hydatidiform Mole/surgery , Hydatidiform Mole/complications , Hydatidiform Mole/diagnostic imaging , Hyperthyroidism , Pulmonary Embolism , Respiratory Insufficiency , Uterus/physiopathology , Vacuum Curettage , Databases, Bibliographic , Gestational Age
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